Lanthanotus borneensis

Semi-aquatic paludarium / aqua-terrarium, sealed and well ventilated

A mixed layout is essential: a large aquatic section (clean, cool, filtered water, deep enough for full immersion) and a land section of loose, damp substrate allowing burrowing. Provide numerous hiding places, roots, leaf litter and easy access between water and land. Floor space takes priority over height. A very secure lid: a secretive species able to escape through the slightest gap.

Very high and constant humidity. The quality and coolness of the water, along with an always-damp substrate, are essential. Ensure good ventilation despite the high humidity to prevent the development of mould and bacteria.

A deep, loose and constantly damp terrestrial substrate to allow burrowing, combined with a layer of leaf litter and moss. Avoid any abrasive or dusty material. The aquatic area must remain impeccably clean.

Not essential: a nocturnal, burrowing species that does not expose itself to the sun. Very low UVB (index 1-2) may optionally be offered on a gentle day/night cycle, but dim lighting is sufficient; avoid any bright light that stresses the animal.

The centrepiece of husbandry: a large area of clean, cool, filtered and dechlorinated water, deep enough for full immersion. The animal feeds and takes refuge there. Gentle filtration and regular water changes are essential; soiled water rapidly leads to skin infections. Keep the water at around 24-26°C.

Endemic to Borneo: Sarawak (Malaysia), Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Brunei. Lives in lowland tropical rainforests, near clear watercourses, streams and marshy areas. The only living species of the family Lanthanotidae.

Carnivore — Earthworms (staple food), pieces of fish, squid, crustaceans, small aquatic invertebrates

Feeds mainly underwater or in its burrow. Earthworms form the basis of the diet. Offer varied food in suitably sized pieces. Nocturnal feeding, often by leaving prey in the aquatic area. Feed infrequently (the species has a slow metabolism); avoid overfeeding. Supplement moderately with calcium.

Clutch 2–6 eggs/young. A clutch of 2 to 6 eggs, generally buried in a damp substrate. Captive breeding is rarely achieved and still poorly documented; long incubation (several months) at a cool temperature. The cycle is probably linked to seasonal variations in humidity and photoperiod.

• Chronic stress and refusal to feed (an extremely shy species, sensitive to disturbance and light)
• Skin infections and dermatitis linked to soiled water or insufficient hygiene
• Respiratory infections in the event of overly high temperatures or poor ventilation
• Heavy internal and external parasitism in wild-caught specimens, often dehydrated and weakened
• Heatstroke and rapid death if the temperature durably exceeds the species' cool tolerances