Uromastyx ornata

Dry, well-ventilated rupicolous desert terrarium with stable rock stacks and climbing walls/surfaces

Minimum dimensions for a single adult; provide a considerably larger enclosure for a pair or a group. The rocks must be placed on the base of the tank and firmly wedged to prevent any crushing should the animal dig.

Generally dry conditions. Excess humidity promotes respiratory and fungal infections. Nevertheless, provide a slightly more humid hide (substrate moistened at depth) to aid shedding and hydration.

Absolutely avoid calcium or 'vitamin' sand and fine ingestible substrates (risk of intestinal impaction). A sufficiently deep layer allows the digging of tunnels; combine with numerous rocky hides.

Strong UVB is essential (a very heliophilic species): T5 HO 10-12% tube or a mercury-vapour lamp, Ferguson zone 3 to 4. Position the UVB over the hot spot and replace it as per the manufacturer (generally every 6 to 12 months).

Low requirement for standing water: hydration comes mainly from fresh vegetation. Offer a small, shallow water container or a light occasional misting (in the morning), avoiding any stagnant humidity in the terrarium.

Rocky and rupicolous deserts of north-eastern Africa and the Near East: the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Israel, Jordan and north-western Arabia. Listed on CITES Appendix II (EU Annex B): captive-bred individuals must be strongly preferred. Wild-caught animals acclimatise poorly, are frequently dehydrated and heavily parasitised.

Strict herbivore — No animal prey as a routine (risk of gout)

Herbivore. Feeds on acacia flowers and leaves in the wild. In captivity: a varied, daily mix of leafy greens and edible plants (dandelion, endive, lamb's lettuce, rocket, edible flowers, alfalfa in moderation) supplemented with a little seed (lentils, millet, sprouted seeds). Avoid animal protein and an excess of fruit/oxalates. Supplement with calcium and vitamin D3 according to UVB exposure.

Clutch 7–17 eggs/young. Breeding triggered after a period of winter cooling/rest. Incubation generally around 28-32 °C for approximately 70 to 90 days; these values are indicative and variable.

• Osteofibrosis / metabolic bone disease (UVB or calcium deficiency)
• Intestinal obstruction (impaction) caused by an unsuitable substrate or dehydration
• Yellow fungus disease (Nannizziopsis / CANV), potentially serious and contagious
• Respiratory infections (humidity or temperatures too low)
• Gout and kidney damage (excess protein, chronic dehydration)