Varanus panoptes

Custom-built terrestrial enclosure/terrarium, very large, with deep substrate for digging

Absolute minimum dimensions for an adult; always aim bigger for this very active species. Provide deep substrate (>50 cm), sturdy hides/burrows, a large water basin, climbing supports and a raised basking spot. A standard commercial enclosure is insufficient.

Moderate atmosphere but with a humid shelter/burrow allowing thermoregulation and a good shed. The substrate should stay slightly moist at depth, dry at the surface; avoid stagnant humidity and lack of ventilation.

Deep substrate (>50 cm), moist at depth, to allow the digging of burrows, an essential behavior of the species. Avoid pure sand (impaction risk) and dusty substrates.

Indispensable. High-intensity UVB (T5 HO tube ~10–14%) covering the basking zone, to be replaced every 6–12 months. Combine UVB + a strong hot spot + calcium intake to prevent osteodystrophy.

A large tub of clean water allowing drinking and immersion; the species swims and likes to bathe. Clean and renew frequently (the animal often defecates in the water).

Northern Australia and southern New Guinea (savannahs, floodplains, riparian habitats). Like all monitors, listed on CITES Appendix II (Annex B of the EU): proof of legal origin required at purchase.

Carnivore — Rodents, birds (chicks), fish, large insects, occasional eggs

Extreme feeding drive: feed with tongs or at a distance, mind your fingers. Offer varied whole prey; limit fatty prey and ration to prevent obesity, which is very common in captivity. Supplement non-gut-loaded prey with calcium and vitamins (D3).

Clutch 6–15 eggs/young. Lays in a deep burrow; provide a nesting site with deep, moist substrate for the female. Artificial incubation generally around 28–31 °C for several months. Breeding reserved for experienced keepers.

• Obesity (overfeeding and lack of activity)
• Osteodystrophy / MBD (UVB and calcium deficiency)
• Thermal burns (poorly secured hot spots)
• Internal parasites (common in wild-caught animals)
• Gout / kidney damage (excess protein and/or dehydration)