Naja naja

A robust terrestrial terrarium, fully sealed and LOCKABLE (lock mandatory). VENOMOUS SPECIES: the enclosure must be absolutely escape-proof, with an airlock or blocking system preventing any accidental exit. Provide several sturdy hides to reduce the stress of a very defensive animal.

Minimum dimensions for an adult; larger is always preferable. Keeping in France requires a certificate of competence and a prefectural authorization (establishment for breeding non-domestic venomous species); having the antivenom serum and a hospital emergency protocol is essential.

Moderate ambient humidity (50-65%), to be increased transiently during sheds. Good ventilation is imperative to avoid respiratory ailments.

An absorbent substrate allowing light burrowing and maintenance of humidity; to be removed and replaced quickly when soiled to prevent dermatitis. Avoid dusty substrates.

Not strictly essential (a crepuscular/nocturnal species), but low UVB (Ferguson zone 1-2, UV index ~1-2) on a ~12 h photoperiod is beneficial for metabolism and well-being. Always provide a shaded area.

A large container of clean water, heavy and stable, allowing the animal to drink and immerse partially; renew daily. Handle the bowl only with the enclosure secured.

The Indian subcontinent: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. Frequents forests, cultivated plains as well as the vicinity of human dwellings (a commensal species drawn by rodents).

Carnivore (mainly rodents) — Rodents of appropriate size (mice, rats), thawed; in the natural environment: rodents, toads and lizards.

Feeding exclusively with long tongs, enclosure secured, never by hand. Adult: one appropriate prey item every 10-14 days. Watch for obesity, common in overfed captive individuals.

Clutch 10–25 eggs/young. Clutch of 10 to 25 eggs after a breeding period often preceded by a slight cooling/winter rest. Incubation of about 48 to 70 days at 28-30 °C. The female may guard the clutch. Breeding should be reserved for expert and authorized facilities.

• Respiratory infections (pneumonia), promoted by inadequate humidity/ventilation
• Stomatitis (mouth rot)
• Bacterial dermatitis and 'scale rot' linked to a soiled or overly humid substrate
• Internal parasites (nematodes, protozoa), very common in wild-caught specimens
• Thermal burns due to unprotected heat sources